Spinal surgery includes various procedures, that may involve patients of all ages. Anaesthetic management of these patients is important during perioperative period, in order to reduce and avoid potential complications.

Negative pressure wound therapy is a useful management tool in the treatment of acute or chronic wounds. This treatment has revolutionised acute and chronic wound treatment especially in the last 25 years. This article provides a brief summary on the use of NPWT by reviewing the available data.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a difference in patients with electrophysiologically mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in terms of pain severity, clinical symptoms, muscle strength and grip strength Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective study, 18 patients with mild CTS (24hands), 22 patients with moderate CTS (28hands) were enroled by examining the data of patients admitted to the electroneuromyography (ENMG) labora- tory between February-May2014 . Patients' demographic characteristics were recorded. Tinnel and Phalen tests, presence of thenar atrophy and hypoesthesia, scores of Visuel analog scale (VAS) and Douleur Neuropathique-4 (DN4) questionnare were recorded. Manual muscle test scores of abductor pollicis brevis (APB), flexor pollicis brevis (FPB) and opponens pollicis (OP) muscles and grip strength valuespreviously measuredwith a dynamometer were recorded. Results: 18 patients (24 hands) with mild CTS and 22 patients (28 hands) with moderate CTS were detected. The patients with mild CTS were classified as Group 1 and patients with moderate CTS were classified as Group 2. The groups did not differ in terms of demographic data (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of Tinnel test, Phalen test, sensory examination, manual muscle strength of APB, FPB,OP muscles and presence of thenar atrophy between the groups(p>0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of grip strength between the two groups (p=0.200). VAS pain scores were significantly higher in group 2 than that of Group-1 (p=0.031). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of DN4 scores between two groups (p=0.474). Conclusion: There is no significant difference except pain severity between patients with mild and moderate CTS. It would be better to plan conservative treatment strategies according to pain severity.

Aim: Parents commonly use homework as a mean to remind school age children of the necessity to take responsibility for one’s own tasks. In this study, the relationships between taking responsibility, a nd a nxiety w ere investigated within the scope of the children’s ability to “do their homework on their own.” Method: In this study, The Metacognitive Awareness I nventory (MAI) a nd S tate Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) were administered to 97 students who were attending 6th grade at a public school. The mean age of students was 11 years 4 months. The parents of these students, o n t he other h and, w ere administered w ith th e S tate T rait A nxiety Inventory (STAI). Among the study participants; th e g roup o f s tudents w ho completed their homework on their own and the group of students who completed their h omework w ith t he a id of t heir parents were comparatively analyzed. Results a nd conclusion: Among the 97 study participants; 59 (60.8%) indicated on their scales that they completed their homework on their own, while 38 (39.2%) indicated that they completed their homework with the aid of their parents. Between the two groups, the differences with re spect t o t he S TAI and S TAIC w ere statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean s cores f or S TAI a nd S TAIC w ere higher in the group in which children completed their homework with the aid of their parents. Metacognitive ability did not transform a mong th e c hildren i nto a tendency to perform tasks completely on their own appeared to be related to the anxiety expressed by these students and their parents, with the anxiety from the parents’ part being more pronounced.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness and alterations of MPV according to etiologic agents and Vesicari scores of patients with acute gastroenteritis. Material and Methods: Children with acute gastro enteritis were tested to detect the relationship between etiological agents, and dehydration levels according to Vesicari scores, platelet counts, and MPV values. The patients were categorized as noninfectious acute diarrhea (groupI), viral etiology (groupII), bacterial etiology (groupIII), and control group (groupIV). Results: The age distribution of 174 patients was between 0–16 years (mean±SD:4.40±3.56). Dehydration levels in groupII and groupIII were higher than groupI (p<0.05). Platelet counts were higher in moderately and severely dehydrated patients than mildly dehydrated patients; however, MPV values were higher in mildly dehydrated patients than moderately and severely dehydrated patients. These differences were not significant (p>0.05). Platelet counts were statistically different between groupIII and IV. MPV values were not different statistically between groups (p>0.05). Vesicari scores in groupII, III, and IV were higher than the scores in groupI (p<0.05). Conclusion: MPV values in patients with acute bacterial diarrhea were higher than those in patients with acute noninfectious and viral diarrhea.

Os trigonum syndrome which also called posterior ankle impingement syndrome is a rare cause of ankle pain. In this report, we discuss a 39 year old female nurse with os trigonum syndrome resulting posterior ankle pain and swelling. On physical examination posterolateral aspect of left ankle was swolen and painful on palpation. Neurologic and sensory examinations were otherwise normal. Laboratory tests revealed normal complete blood count, sedimentation, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody levels. There was vitamin D deficiency with normal levels of calcium, phophorus, alkaline phosphatase, liver and renal function tests. Magnetic resonance imaging of left ankle revealed os trigonum accompanied by subtalar effusion and soft tissue edema. Non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, cold pack application and gentle ankle range of motion exercises were recommended. She responded well to therapy and followed clinically. We aimed to emphasize the os trigonum syndrome in differential diagnosis of posterior ankle pain in order to provide early diagnosis and treatment with a literature review.

Tuberculous peritonitis is a rarely encountered disease occurring as result of disease’s spreading out of a primer focal point such as pulmonary tuberculosis. Cirrhosis, HIV, diabetes, malignancy, and peritoneal dialysis are among the risk factors. It was reported that the incidence of tuberculous peritonitis varied between 0.1% and 0.7% among the types of tuberculosis. In general, it progresses secondary to the pulmonary tuberculosis. Encountering primer tuberculosis in healthy children without tuberculosis focal point has been rarely reported in the literature. These patients can present clinical and laboratory findings such as the feeling of abdominal discomfort, swelling, weight loss, fever and increase at tumour markers. The late diagnosis of patients causes a specific increase at mortality and morbidity. In this case, we aimed to present the radiological findings of tuberculous peritonitis diagnosed lately in a healthy child without any primary disease.

Introduction: To evaluate the early effects of ureterorenoscopy (URS) and ureteral stent placement (USP) on obstructed kidneys by using Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: Ten controls and 32 patients with ureteropelvic junction and ureteral stones with partial and complete obstructions treated with URS and USP were included. 19 had partial and 13 complete obstruction. Fourteen were treated with URS and the rest of them with USP. DTI was performed using a 3 Tesla magnet and single shot echo– planar sequence before and 24 hours after the treatment. Regions of interests (ROI) were placed on the corticomedullary junction for the measurement of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The FA and ADC of the treated kidneys were compared with their pretreatment values. Results: Initial ADC and FA levels of the obstructed kidneys were lower than non-obstructed kidneys in patient and the control groups. After treatment, ADC and FA values increased. The statistical evaluation showed significant difference regarding ADC and FA among the obstructed versus non-obstructed URS patients and control group (p=0.01 and p=0.04, respectively). Conclusion: ADC and FA parameters may help to demonstrate ultrastructural recovery in the obstructed kidneys after treatment.