Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of ultrasonography (US), that has not been widely accepted, easy accesible, cheap and non-invasive method and routinely used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of the soft tissue pathologies of the knee. Methods: Eighty patients who were admitted to the Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinics with knee pain were examined with US. Seventy two (%90) of these patients also had MRI scans of the knee joint. The results were compared. Results: Of these 80 patients, 45 were female (%56,25) and 35 were male (%43,75). The mean age was 43,4 (11- 72). US examination results were in normal limits in 13 cases (%16,2), however MRI revealed only 4 (% 5) patiens as normal. The most common pathology that was detected both by US and MRI was, joint effusion. Meniscal degeneration and tears were the second most common accompanying lesions to joint effusions detected by MRI. Except determination of meniscal and ACL lesions and small amount of fluid in the tibiofemoral joint space, the diagnostic value of US was nearly same with MRI. By US, internal architecture of Baker cysts, synovial thickening and patellar tendon pathologies could be recognized better.

Objectives: The present study has been planned for the purpose of defining at what ages and which behaviors the negative changes of behavior of the children having a minor surgery under sevofluran anesthesia have the most density and what the condition of the behaviors are at the end of monitoring of 4 weeks. Methods: Following the Ethics Committee approval and parental consents, children of 2 to 10 years old planned to be operated due to inguinal area pathologies have been included in the study. All the patients were premedicated with 0,5 mg/kg oral midazolam 30 minutes before the planned operation. The anesthesia induction and maintenance have been performed using sevoflurane and all the patients have received caudal block for post-operative pain control. Families monitored their children with respect to post-operative 1 hour agitation, then they have been called at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks and they have been given questionnaires about which they had previously notified. Results: Agitation has been observed in a total of 44 patients (51 %). Number of patients with a mild agitation was considerably high compared with number of patients with other levels of agitation (p<0.05). About 63 % (30 patients) among those with agitation were treated with diagnosis of mild agitation, about 25 % (11 patients) has been treated with diagnosis of moderate agitation andabout 7 % (3 patients) has been has been treated with diagnosis of severe agitation (Figure 1). Negative changes of behavior have been observed in 24 patients (28 %) at the end of the 1st week, in 11 patients (13 %) at the end of the 2nd week and in only 5 patients (6 %) at the end of the 4th week. It has been observed that post-operative negative behavior changes arose generally in sleep-related behaviors, that the most affected age group was 4 to 8 years old and while negative behavior changes have been observed in about 27,5 % of the children at the end of the 1st week, the ratio was 13 % at the end of the 2nd week and decreased to 6 % at the end of the 4th week. Conclusions: Agitation following same-day minor surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia in children is observed in the age group of 4 to 8 years old more frequently. Also, postoperative negative changes of behavior are observed in the age group of 4 to 8 years old. Most frequently in the form of anxiety of separation from parents and changes in sleep behaviors, all of which completely resolved at the end of the 4th week.

Reactive pseudosarcomatous lesions of soft tissues are uncommon and challenging entities. They mimic sarcomas because of the clinical history of rapid growth and spindle cell proliferation. Some of these lesions are characterized by new bone or osteoid formation. In this report the clinical, histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical features of 13 cases of these reactive fibroproliferative lesions composed of an ossifying fasciitis, an aneurysmal bone cyst of soft tissue, 1 myositis ossificans, 3 proliferative fasciitis and 7 nodular fasciitis cases with follow ups between 8 months to 14 years, were analyzed. Some of those cases had a history of trauma. These lesions were collagen rich in Masson’s trichrome. Immunohistochemically; smooth muscle actin and vimentin were strongly positive. Our case of ossifying fasciitis is the 13th cases and aneurysmal bone cyst of soft tissue case is the 15th cases of the literature. As a result; clinical and morphological features of those entities were found similar to each other. Finally a unifying concept of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic proliferation in response to trauma, genetic and/or an unknown factor are proposed.

We describe the case of a Sjögren syndrome presented with bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement. The histopathological examination revealed MALT lymphoma on one side and lymphoepitelial disease on the other side. The discrimination of these two entities was not possible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However the involvement was clearly shown. Patients with Sjögren syndrome are at increased risk of lymphoma development. MRI clearly depicts the orbital involvement and should be the first diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of orbital imaging in these patients.

In the atrophic brain especially in the elderly ,development of the spontaneous subdural hematoma provoked by CSF drainage procedures, which causes intracranialhypotension. Nontraumatic spontaneous chronic subdural hematomas may occur from different pathologies in predisposed population including being older than 65 years, using an anticoagulant agent, coagulopathies, alcohol abuse and the procedures leading to CSF overdrainage, such as lumbar puncture, external ventricular drainage, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and also iatrogenic injuries to the duramater and arachnoid during spinal surgery would lead to CSF leakage from the wound site and may result in either meningitis or intracranial subdural hematoma. In this article, we describe the occurrence of a subdural hematoma and it's spontaneous resorption following spinal surgery procedure.

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell dyscrasias that often complicating with neurological symptoms. Among these vertebral fractures, spinal canal compromises and peripheral neuropathies are best known. In this report, we present a case which peripheral neuropathy precedes acute paraparesis that is seen very rarely. A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with fatigue, nonspecific back pain and numbness in her legs. During hospitalisation she was treated for peripheral neuropathy that acute paraparesis was developed later on. Urgent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging showed an epidural mass that excised totally via dorsal midline approach. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Patient was able to mobilize independently one month after discharge.