Fructose–1,6–bisphosphate aldolase (E.C. 4.1.2.13) is a major glycolytic enzyme found in most cells. Fructose-1,6- bisphosphate aldolase reversibly catalyses the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into the triose phosphates: Dglyceraldehyde phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. In this study, we wanted to examine the presence of aldolase in healthy human placenta and then to purify the enzyme. We also determined the optimum conditions (time, pH, and temperature) of enzyme assay measurements. With this procedure, we determined the specific activity of placental aldolase as 831.90 mU/mg protein and aldolase was purified about 40.5 fold from healthy human placenta. It was demonstrated that the molecular weight of human placental aldolase was 160 kD. In this study, substrate kinetics were also examined. Enzymatic assays were performed and substrate kinetic properties were detected and Vm value of healthy placental FBPA was determined as 1769.513 ± 200.322, and Km as 20.003 ± 4.497 mM.

This study was designed to substantiate the feasibility and the advantage of the use of floroscopic guidance for evaluating the misplacement of the peripherally inserted central catheter line and optimizing the correct tip positioning in the operating theatre. Material and Method: Ninety patients aged 18-75 years, requiring central vein access were enrolled into this study. Chest fluoroscopy was performed to assess the position of the catheter tip after the insertion of the catheter. Feasibility of the fluoroscopic examination, the time required to verify the catheter tip location, identifying the position of the central catheter line tip (misplacement/correct placement), the entire time required to perform correct catheter tip placement with the aid of floroscopic screening were all recorded in each patient. Results: Total of 92 concecutive central venous catheters were inserted. The average time required to verify the PICC line tip location with fluoroscopy was 4.2 ± 2.4 min. 16 misplaced PICC line tip were determined. The average time required to perform correct PICC line tip placement with the aid of floroscopic screening was 6.5 ± 5.5 min. Conclusion: It is concluded that fluoroscopic examination following central venous line insertion helps to determine the catheter misplacement, and provide correct positioning of the misplaced catheter line tip without causing too much time delay.

Disability, defined as “any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being” (ICIDH) (World Health Organization, 1980). Approximately 12% of Turkey's population is known to be as disabled. Accordingly, there are 8.5 million disabled persons (1). Respiratory infection and reduced pulmonary functions in disabled children are the most important reasons of morbidity, and mortality. Incidence of pulmonary complications is very high and the largest reason of hospitalization. Recurrent pulmonary problems in disabled children effects greatly both health and the quality of life however it is important to know that respiratory complications in disabled children can be prevented and treated (2-5). This review deals with the pulmonary rehabilitation program and encountered difficulties in disabled children.

Difficult endotracheal intubation is a rare situation. Here we report a difficult endotracheal intubation case in a three year-old girl with chronic lung disease and severe pneumonia who was admitted to our paediatric intensive care unit. Since the patient could not be intubated and effectively ventilated by the standart methods, a size 2 LMA was inserted. In this case, LMA provided a good airway control and effective ventilation.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign, of unknown etiology, proliferate disease of synovial membrane. The most frequent observed areas are the joints of knee, hip, shoulder and ankle. The wrist is an unusual anatomical region regarding the PVNS and only few related subjects have been reported in the literature. Even that PVNS is generally progressing benign, rarely it may progress destructively. We have the belief that in the treatment of PVNS of wrist the large tenosynovectomy and when necessary the bone debridement are singly sufficient for the treatment.