Background: In this large scale retrospetive study with Electron Beam Tomography (EBT) in a multiracial population in the city of Istanbul; we aimed to determine the coronary artery anomalies and major anatomy by using the EBT coronary angiography scans. Material and Method: In this study, 454 subjects (M=431, F=23, mean age:57 years) coming from 10 different races were included. Non-ionic intravenous contrast agent had been used in all of the examinations. Origins and courses of the coronary arteries were evaluated with the main branches and cases with variations and anomalies were also determined. Results: In this study; 89% of the cases had right dominance, 10% of them had left dominance, and 1% of them had codominance. In total, 6% of the cases have ramus intermedius that originated from left main coronary artery as a separate branch. In 2.6% of the patients included in the study had coronary artery origin anomalies. In this group as an interesting fact that myo-cardial bridging rate reached up to 33.3% and especially it was related to the proximal segment. In fact, in the patients with no coronary artery anomalies (n=442), myocardial bridging was dedected only in 8.2% of patients. On the other hand, we detected a fistula between the coronary arteries and the pulmonary system in 3 of the subjects (%0.66). Also in 20 subjects (%4.4) in the study group, it was seen that there were accompanying extracoronary pathologies. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was discovered that the variations and anomalies with the anatomical features detected due to the population diversity in the cosmopolitan city of Istanbul; are showing differences from the literature information. For this reason, radiology experts working in big metropolitan cities like Istanbul, should know that they may face with variations and anomalies rather than usual in the coronary artery scans.

Background: We aim to elucidate the hystopathologic findings and the necessity of biopsy of the hyperechoic nodules found in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis cases in their follow up. Material and Method: The study included those 11 patients who had admitted to the outpatient clinics with the diagnosis of thyroiditis whom with high anti-TPO and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels and hyperechoic thyroid nodule at US examination. Patients scanned with 14 MHz frequency high resolution linear probe. Fine needle aspiration of the individual nodules were performed and the whole data collected to a special archieve. After six months, the hystopathologic findings of the nodules, laboratory and radiologically findings were cumulatively evaluated. Results: The mean dimension of the nodules was 19 mm (8-32 mm). In 10 of the cases, the nodules were solitary with hyperechoic homogeneous nature, in the other case there were two nodules, one nodule with the same sonographic appearance as above and the other with minimally cystic degenerations. In neither of the cases, no malignity was reported in the histopathology. Conclusion: Owing to benign nature of the homogenous hyperechoic or minimally cystic degenerated hyperechoic nodules found in the Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, for the first step, it is sufficient that these cases be evaluated and can be followedup by clinically and sonographically. In the future studies which accomplished with broad series, the necessity of the biopsy in the evaluation of these depicted nodules in Hashimoto’s throiditis may be eliminated.

In addition to locomotor system’s deficits many children with neurological disorders and mental retardation such as cerebral palsy and Down Syndrome suffer from chronic drooling which can be seen in 10% to 38% of people with cerebral palsy and in certain patients with Down Syndrome (1,2). Drooling leads to many problems which can affect the patient’s health and parent’s social life as well as it keeps the patient away from training and rehabilitation programs. Some procedures such as behavior modification, biofeedback, oral motor therapy, speech therapy, drug therapy, radiotherapy, oro-facial regulation therapy, and surgery have been suggested to treat drooling. This review deals with the possible methods of evaluation and treatment of drooling in disabled children.

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare malformation characterized with abnormal lung tissue with an anomalous systemic blood supply, which has no/or partial connection with the tracheobronchial tree. Here, we report the radiological diagnosis of an adult patient with intralobar type of bronchopulmonary sequestration.

Maffucci's syndrome is a congenital disease characterized with enchondromatosis and multiple soft tissue haemangiomata due to neuro-ectodermal dysplasia. Maffucci's syndrome is a rare clinical condition that presents difficulties concerning its anesthetic management. In this presentation, our anesthesia approach on the patient with Maffucci's syndrome with multiple haemangiomata along the upper airways requiring intralesional sclerotherapy is described.